Serotonin reuptake inhibitors in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: antidepressant or antiobsessional agents?

The recommended pharmacological agents for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI), used also as antidepressant drugs. Nevertheless, the therapeutic profile of SRIs shows a lot of differences in OCD and in depression, as demonstrated in the trials here described. From a pharmacological point of view, antidepressant effect can be obtained with every monoamine reuptake inhibitor, whereas a predominant serotonin reuptake inhibition is required to result in an antiobsessive effect; moreover, adding pindolol to SSRI therapy, generate opposite effects on SSRI response latency. From a clinical point of view, the trials have highlighted differences in the following fields: response rate, therapeutic dose, response latency, response curve. Taken together, these findings suggest that SRIs have two different clinical properties, antiobsessional effect and antidepressant effect, that could be due to different mechanisms of actions: further studies have to be performed the better to understand the pathophysiology of OCD

Affective recurrences in bipolar disorder after switching from lithium to valproate or vice versa: A series of 57 cases

Affective Recurrences in Bipolar Disorder After Switching From Lithium to Valproate or Vice Versa A Series of 57 Case

Suicide risk in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and exploration of risk factors: a systematic review

Historically, OCD has been considered to be associated with a relatively low risk of suicide. Recent studies, on the contrary, revealed a significant association between OCD and suicide attempts and ideation. A huge variation in prevalence rates, however, is reported. OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence rates of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in individuals with OCD, and to identify predictors of suicide risk among subjects with OCD. METHOD: We systematically reviewed the literature on suicide risk (ideation and/or attempts) and OCD. We included studies with appropriate definition of OCD, cross-sectional or prospective design, separating clinical samples from epidemiological studies, that employed a quantitative measure of suicidality and/or reported an outcome measure of the association between suicidality and OCD or examined factors associated with suicidality. RESULTS: In clinical samples, the mean rate of lifetime suicide attempts is 14.2% (31 studies: range 6- 51.7%). Suicidal ideation is referred by 26.3-73.5% of individuals (17 studies, mean 44.1%); current suicidal ideation rate ranges between 6.4 and 75% (13 studies, mean 25.9). Epidemiological studies found that OCD increases significantly the odds of having a lifetime suicidal ideation as compared to the general population (OR: 1.9-10.3) and a history of lifetime suicide attempts (OR: 1.6- 9.9). Predictors of greater suicide risk are severity of OCD, the symptom dimension of unacceptable thoughts, comorbid Axis I disorders, severity of comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms, past history of suicidality and some emotion-cognitive factors such as alexithymia and hopelessness. CONCLUSION: Overall, suicidality appears a relevant phenomenon in OCD